胰岛素瘤切除术后对血清激素、癌胚抗原水平及胰岛功能的影响

 探究了胰岛素瘤切除术前后患者血清激素、癌胚抗原（carcinoembryonic antigen，CEA）及胰岛功能指标水平变化，发现术后1 d患者胰岛β细胞功能指数（homeostasis model assess-ment-β，HOMA-β）、胰岛素敏感性指数（insulin sensitivity index，ISI）降低，胰岛素抵抗指数（homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance，HOMA-IR）及血糖水平升高，CEA水平先增后降，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；与术后5 d相比，术后10 d及15 d患者HOMA-β、ISI水平升高，HOMA-IR水平降低；术后15 d胰岛素水平为（14.16±3.06）μU/L，但显著低于术前（32.07±5.75）μU/L，血糖水平降至（4.62±0.31）mmol/L，显著高于术前（2.12±0.59）mmol/L，术后1 d患者CEA水平高于术前，随后逐渐降低，差异有统计学意义（P>0.05）。CEA水平与各指标显著相关。胰岛功能指标、血清激素及CEA水平术后短时间内可引起胰岛素水平的异常降低和血糖水平的急剧升高，可作为预后指标。     

葡萄糖氧化酶介导的癌症多模态协同治疗研究进展

简要介绍了葡萄糖氧化酶（GOx）在癌症治疗研究中的单一疗法（包括饥饿疗法（ST）、氧化疗法）、双模态疗法（包括协同化学疗法（CT）、化学动力学疗法（CDT）、声动力学疗法（SDT）、光动力学疗法（PDT）、光热疗法（PTT）、气体疗法、放射疗法），以及GOx介导的多模态联合疗法（协同免疫疗法/CDT/PTT/SDT），系统地阐述了GOx介导的相关癌症治疗研究的进展和最新动态.     

云南宣威肺癌高发区固体燃料燃烧排放颗粒的物理化学特征

在云南宣威肺癌高发区采集了固体燃料(煤炭、木材)燃烧排放的大气颗粒物样品, 利用扫描电镜(scanning electron microscopy, SEM)、能量色散X射线光谱仪(energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, EDX)对796个颗粒物进行了分析. 根据颗粒物的显微特征和化学元素组成, 将其分为矿物颗粒物、飞灰、烟尘集合体和未识别颗粒物4类. 采用$P(X)$值法将矿物颗粒物进一步分为富Si、富S、富Ca、 富Fe、富Ti、富Al、富Na和其他8种不同类型, 其中富Si、富Ca、富Fe、富S分别占燃煤颗粒物和生物质颗粒物的44.47%, 20.49%, 8.85%, 1.22%和55.91%, 17.27%, 6.36%, 2.27%. 化学元素分析结果显示: 颗粒物中Al, Fe, Ca, Mg等地壳元素的质量浓度较高, 重金属化学元素的质量浓度较低; 煤炭燃烧排放的颗粒物的化学元素分析结果与单颗粒分析结果之间存在较好的正相关关系($R^{2}=0.63$).     

基于随机矩阵理论分析乳腺癌基因网络

利用随机矩阵理论分析乳腺癌基因微阵列数据,得到乳腺癌基因共表达网络,找出乳腺癌基因共表达网络中重要的增殖模块和免疫模块,并预测基因PMSCL1与乳腺癌细胞的增殖、侵袭及迁移有关,基因CCAN2与乳腺癌细胞的有丝分裂有关,基因SCYA5与乳腺癌细胞的免疫应答有关,基因PRC1、RAB31、INHBA可作为乳腺癌的靶向基因.     

抗癌药物靶向制剂的研究现状

抗癌靶向药物制剂能使药物选择性地与靶组织在细胞或亚细胞水平上发生反应,使药物能够可控性地分布,并于靶区持续缓慢地释放药物,有效降低其对正常组织的毒副作用,从而提高化疗疗效.针对目前国内外正在研究并取得了一定进展的抗癌靶向药物制剂,进行了全面客观的综述.通过大量文献,从靶向治疗设计模式、靶向制剂的分类、抗癌靶向药物载体及影响药物靶向性的因素等方面进行探讨.发现尽管靶向制剂广泛应用于临床尚需时日,但它们对于克服肿瘤治疗中的毒副作用,从而提高疗效具有不可忽视的作用.     

子宫颈癌组织p16基因突变及其蛋白表达研究

目的研究子宫颈癌患者p16蛋白表达和p16基因缺失突变及点突变情况.方法利用免疫组织化学方法(SP法)、聚合酶链反应(PCR)和聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)分析技术,分别检测正常子宫颈组织30例、子宫颈癌前病变组织10例及原发性子宫颈癌组织28例,观察其p16蛋白表达和p16基因缺失突变及点突变状况.结果 1)在原发性子宫颈癌组织中为67.85%(19/28),明显低于正常子宫颈组织和子宫颈癌前病变组织(P<0.05);2)28例原发性子宫颈癌组织中有11例发生p16基因缺失突变,2例发生p16基因点突变,突变率为46.42%,正常子宫颈组织和子宫颈癌前病变组织未发现p16基因缺失突变和点突变.结论 1)p16蛋白缺乏与子宫颈细胞增殖失控及分化不良紧密相关.2)原发性子宫颈癌存在p16基因点突变,以低分化癌多见,但不是较频繁的事件;原发性子宫颈癌存在p16基因缺失突变,以低分化癌多见,是较频繁的事件.3)未发现p16蛋白表达与p16基因突变有相关性.     

江西省直肠癌与岩石类型的关系

利用岩石类型资料1092个数据,直肠癌死亡调查资料1686例,研究了直肠癌死亡与人群生存区的岩石类型（岩浆岩,变质岩,碳酸盐岩,碎屑岩,红色碎屑岩,第四系松散岩）的相关性,结果表明：变质岩,碳酸盐岩,第四系松散岩与直肠癌死亡率有明显的相关性,等级相关系数分别为0．3134（P＜0．0025）,0．3321（P＜001）,0．2532（P＜0．01）,但与岩浆岩,碎屑岩,红色碎屑岩相关不显著。     

人p16~(INK4) cDNA探针在非小细胞肺癌研究中的应用

制备总RNA ,RT PCR克隆p16 INK4 cDNA ,测序验证 ,制备探针 .进行PCR产物Southern杂交检测非小细胞肺癌组织标本中p16 INK4 基因第二外显子阴性杂交率为 12 .9% (4 / 31) .原位杂交显示p16 INK4 基因转录阴性率为2 2 .6 % (7/ 31) .结果说明克隆的p16 INK4 cDNA是正确的 ,可用于临床基因诊断 ,p16 INK4 基因变异及表达在非小细胞肺癌的发生、发展中起作用     

Identification of differentially expressed genes in esophageal cancer through SSH in combination with high throughput reverse Northern screening

To understand the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis of esophagus and to isolate genes with different expression levels in esophageal cancer, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was combined with PCR-based cDNA synthesis and reverse Northern on the cancer tissues and matched almost normal mucosa using 5 microgram of total RNA as starting marterial. Eight genes were found expressed differentially in esophageal cancer, in which 5 were known genes and 3 were novel ones; and 6 were down-regulated in cancer tissues, while 2 were up-regulated; 6 were of mid-high abundance and 2 were of low abundance in esophagus. The results revealed that alteration in expression level of multiple genes underlied the initiation and development of esophageal cancer. The differentially expressed genes identified in this study such as liporcotinⅠ, cystatin A, cystatin B, cytokeratin 13 may play roles in dedifferentiation, transformation and malignant proliferation of esophageal cancer. The combination of SSH with PCR-based double- strand cDNA synthesis and high throughput reverse Northern screening is an efficient way to isolate differentially expressed genes from microgram of total RNA.     

Identification of a novel resident centrosomal protein

One human autoimmune serum was identified to react with centrosomes by immunofluorescence. We applied the affinity purification of membrane-bound antibody technique and demonstrated that the antibodies present in this antiserum reacted with a 31/29 ku centrosomal antigen. Immunofluorescence showed that this antigen is located at centrosome in a cell-cycle independent manner, and thereby it belongs to the family of centrosomal residents. We then uti- lized this autoimmune serum and antibodies against centrin and gamma-tubulin to investigate changes of centrosome cycle kinetics during premature chromosome condensation (PCC) artificially induced in V79-8 cells. We show here that centrosomal proteins continue to express when cells are synchronized at G1/S boundary and S phase by Hydroxyurea (HU). During this time, the addition of caffeine causes cells with unreplicated genome to go into mitosis, and induces the separation of the replicated centrosomes. These results suggest that the coordination of DNA synthesis and centrosome replication in the normal cell cycle can be uncoupled. Cells ensure that centrosome duplicates once, and only once during each DNA synthesis cycle through the tight and subtle coordination of cell cycle engine molecules, and thereby the assembly of bipolar spindle and the accurate transmission of genetic information.